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thermore, civil wars in which there is intervention on both sides and/or
in which there is superpower intervention tend to last even longer. All
effects in this model are extremely large. Alone, each factor in Model
12 intervention, dual-sided intervention, and superpower interven-
tion has a hazard ratio in the area of 0.5, lowering the rate of war
resolution by over half. The combined effect of intervention on both
sides and superpower intervention slows the rate of resolution by 84
percent, effectively lengthening the typical war by over 5 times. In
sum, interstate interventions of any kind drastically increase the length
of civil wars.
The analyses presented above represent three different lenses on
civil war. The first set of analyses looks from a distance at the global
trends which affect the overall incidence of civil wars in the world. Fac-
tors encouraging the proliferation of weak states such as decoloniza-
tion increase the overall level of civil wars in the world. Second, na-
Appendix 175
tional attributes, most notably the strength of the state, determine
whether a given country experiences a great deal of civil war activity.
Finally, once a war has begun, I find that intervention and connection
to the Cold War play a major role in increasing the duration of civil
wars. Previous chapters examined these processes in greater detail.
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