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" State Department: Comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to
simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root
causes. 3
" These two of9 cial de9 nitions re: ect the fact that countering an insur-
gency requires a strategy tailored to the particular nature of the insurgency.
As discussed in this book, this entails a comprehensive assessment of the
root causes as well as the tactics, techniques, and strategy of the insurgents.
Counterterrorism (CT)
" DoD: Operations that include the offensive measures taken to prevent,
deter, preempt, and respond to terrorism.
1. All Department of Defense de9 nitions are available online at http://www.dtic
.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/.
2. DoD Dictionary version, October 17, 2008, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/dod
dict/. All citations of DoD in the appendix came from this source unless speci9 ed other-
wise.
3. U.S. Government Counterinsurgency Guide (State Department Bureau of Political-Mili-
tary Affairs, January 2009), www.state.gov/t/pm/ppa/pmppt.
203
204 " Appendix
" CT is different from COIN in that terrorists are not necessarily in a com-
petition for control of the population against the local or regional gov-
erning authority. CT operations are thus offensive operations, focused
less on a competition for governance and more on undermining and dis-
abling the terrorist network. In some Commonwealth countries, there is a
distinction made between antiterrorism, which is defensive in nature,
and counterterrorism, which is more offensive, disruptive, or preven-
tive, as described here.
Foreign Internal Defense (FID)
" DoD: Participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in
any of the action programs taken by another government or other desig-
nated organization to free and protect its society from subversion, law-
lessness, and insurgency.
" See also IDAD below. IDAD emphasizes the preventative steps a state
takes to protect itself from such threats.
Guerrilla Warfare
" DoD: Military and paramilitary operations conducted in enemy-held or
hostile territory by irregular, predominantly indigenous forces.
" Guerrilla is derived from the Spanish word for war, Guerra, with the
suf9 x for little, illa. See Small Wars below.
Insurgency
" DoD: An organized movement aimed at the overthrow of a constituted
government through use of subversion and armed con: ict.
" State Department: The organized use of subversion and violence to
seize, nullify, or challenge political control of a region.
Internal Defense and Development (IDAD)
" DoD: The full range of measures taken by a nation to promote its
growth and to protect itself from subversion, lawlessness, and insurgency.
It focuses on building viable institutions (political, economic, social, and
military) that respond to the needs of society.
" IDAD is a term used since the Cold War and, in many respects, can be
seen as the more preventative side of COIN or FID. COIN is conducted
Appendix " 205
in response to, rather than in anticipation of, an insurgent threat
(though early intervention is preferred). FID emphasizes the role of an
intervening power in supporting the security elements of a state.
Irregular Warfare (IW)
" DoD: A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy
and in: uence over the relevant population(s). Irregular warfare favors
indirect and asymmetric approaches, though it may employ the full
range of military and other capacities, in order to erode an adversary s
power, in: uence, and will.
" This term is increasingly popular in the U.S. military, especially the Ma-
rine Corps and the Special Operations community. Others, including
many in the U.S. Army, object to the term because of its conceptual con-
fusion and because nonmilitary partners object to having their mission
sets recrafted under the war terminology. This is especially the case
among diplomats who understand that with respect to diplomacy and
international law, war has very speci9 c meanings. Other objections in the
military community focus on the intellectual dif9 culty in categorizing
too many things under one umbrella term (such as MOOTW) and in
de9 ning something by what it is not (i.e., not regular ).
Kinetic
" Kinetic is a nondoctrinal term used increasingly today to differentiate the
more violent, direct, enemy-focused military operations from the more
subtle, population-focused, often civilian-led operations conducted in
counterinsurgency and stability operations. A key differentiating ele-
ment of kinetic actions is that they can be potentially lethal.4
Low-Intensity Conflict (LIC)
" No longer listed in the DoD Dictionary
" Previously, the U.S. Army de9 ned LIC as a political-military confronta-
tion between contending states or groups below conventional war and
above the routine, peaceful competition among states. It frequently in-
volves protracted struggles of competing principles and ideologies. Low-
intensity con: ict ranges from subversion to the use of the armed forces.
4. Thank you to David Kilcullen for help in clarifying the common use of this term.
206 " Appendix
It is waged by a combination of means, employing political, economic, in-
formational, and military instruments. Low-intensity con: icts are often
localized, generally in the Third World, but contain regional and global
security implications. 5
" In the of9 ce of the secretary of defense in the Pentagon, there is still an
assistant secretary of defense for special operations and low-intensity
con: ict and integrating capabilities (ASD for SOLIC/IC). This of9 ce was
congressionally mandated in the 1980s, and it would take a revision by
Congress to change it. Currently, the ASD for SOLIC/IC oversees the de-
velopment of capabilities for stability operations, counterinsurgency, and
irregular warfare.
Military Operations other than War (MOOTW)
" No longer listed in the DoD Dictionary
" MOOTW was a doctrinal term used in the 1990s by the American military
to describe a large number of what they considered nontraditional tasks.
The 1995 version of Joint Publication 3-07 Military Operations other than
War de9 ned the term as operations that encompass the use of military
capabilities across the range of military operations short of war. These
military actions can be applied to complement any combination of the
other instruments of national power and occur before, during, and after
war. 6 The manual goes on to explain that these missions can be either
combat or noncombat in nature. They include categories as diverse and
dangerous as arms control; combating terrorism; . . . support to counter-
drug operations; enforcement of sanctions/maritime intercept opera-
tions; enforcing exclusion zones; ensuring freedom of navigation and
over: ight; humanitarian assistance; military support to civil authorities;
nation assistance/support to counterinsurgency; noncombatant evacua-
tion operations; peace operations; protection of shipping; recovery op-
erations; show of force operations; strikes and raids; and support to in-
surgency. 7 The diverse range of operations included under the category
of MOOTW, combined with the military s tradition of focusing primarily [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
