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attain the base-of-infinite-space jhana without removing or
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Questions and Answers (6)
pulling out a kasina object. After removing a kasina object and
concentrating on space (akasa), the object of the base-of-infinite-
space jhana will occur. When one sees space one must extend
that space gradually, and when the space is spread in every di-
rection the kasina object will have disappeared. One must
spread this space object further up to the infinite universe. That
space is the object of the base-of-infinite-space jhana. The ob-
ject of the base-of-infinite-consciousness jhana (vibbanabca-
yatana-jhana) is then the base-of-infinite-space jhana. The ob-
ject of the base-of-nothingness jhana (akibcabbayatana-jhana) is
the absence of the base-of-infinite-space jhana. The object of
the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception jhana
(nevasabbanasabbayatana-jhana) is the base-of-nothingness
jhana. So the four immaterial jhanas are based on the fourth
kasina jhana and kasina object. Without removing the kasina
object one cannot go to immaterial jhana. So if a meditator
practises mindfulness-of-breathing up to the fourth jhana, and
then wants to go to immaterial jhana, he should practise the ten
kasinas first up to the fourth jhana. Only after that can he go to
immaterial jhana.
If he wants to practise lovingkindness meditation (metta-
bhavana) from the fourth anapana jhana he can do so. In this
case there will be no problem. He must try to see the person
who is the object of lovingkindness with the light of the fourth
anapana jhana. If his light is not strong enough it may be a little
bit problematic. But this is exceptional. If after the fourth kas-
ina jhana, especially the fourth white kasina jhana he practises
lovingkindness, there may be quick success. So we teach lov-
ingkindness meditation after white kasina meditation.
Question 6.5: How can one decide oneself the time to die (that
is, choose the time of death)?
Answer 6.5: If you have practised mindfulness-of-breathing up
to arahant path, you can know the time of your Parinibbana ex-
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Knowing and Seeing
actly. The Visuddhimagga mentions a Mahathera who attained
Parinibbana while walking. First he drew a line on his walking
path, and then told his fellow-meditators that he would attain
Parinibbana when reaching that line, and it happened exactly as
he had said. For those who are not arahants, if they have prac-
tised dependent-origination (paticcasamuppada), the causal re-
lationship between causes and effects of the past, present and
future, they can also know their life-span, but not exactly like the
Mahathera I just mentioned. They do not know the exact date.
They may know the period in which they will die.
But they attain Parinibbana, or they die, according to the law
of kamma; not according to their own wish. There is one stanza
recited by the Venerable Sariputta:
Nabhinandami jivitam nabhinandami maranam; kalabca
patikavkhami, nibbisam bhatako yatha. : I do not love life, I
do not love death, but await the time of Parinibbana, like a gov-
ernment servant who waits for his pay-day.
To die when he wants is called death by decision
(adhimutti-marana). This death by decision usually can be done
by matured bodhisattas only. Why? When they are reborn in
celestial planes where there is no opportunity to fulfil their
paramis, they do not want to waste their time so sometimes they
make death by decision . That means they die when they decide
to die, and take rebirth in the human world to fulfil their
paramis.
Question 6.6: If one day we were to die in an accident, for ex-
ample in an air crash, could our mind at that time leave so that
we would not have any bodily pain? How? Can one, depending
on the power of one s meditation, be without fear at that time,
and be liberated? What degree of concentration is required?
Answer 6.6: The degree of concentration required is that of the
psychic power of various supernormal powers (iddhividha-
abhibba). At that time you can try to escape from danger. But if
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Questions and Answers (6)
you have matured unwholesome kamma ready to produce its re-
sult, you should remember the case of Venerable Mahamoggal-
lana. He was expert in psychic powers, but on the day when his
unwholesome kamma matured he could not enter into jhana.
This was because of his matured unwholesome kamma; not be-
cause of defilements or hindrances. So the bandits were able to
crush his bones to the size of rice grains. After the bandits had
left, thinking he was dead, only then could he enter into jhana
again, and regain his psychic powers. He made a determination
(adhitthana) that his body should become normal again, and then
went to the Buddha to request permission for Parinibbana. Then
he returned to his Kalasila Monastery, and attained Parinibbana
there. In this case his matured unwholesome kamma produced
their result, and only after that did they lose their power. Only
then could he regain his psychic powers.
In the same way, if you have no matured unwholesome
kamma, and if you have psychic powers, you can try to escape
from an air crash. But ordinary jhana concentration, and insight-
knowledge, cannot save you from this danger. Here we can say
that the reason why one meets with this type of accident may be
that one s unwholesome kamma has matured.
The mind cannot leave the body, because the mind arises de-
pendent upon one of the six bases. The six bases are eye trans-
parent-element, ear transparent-element, nose transparent-
element, tongue transparent-element, bodily transparent-element,
and bhavavga mind door, or heart-base. These six bases are in
your body. Without a base, a mind cannot occur in this human
world. So the mind cannot leave the body.
However, we can suggest that if you have jhana concentration,
you should at the time of danger quickly enter into that jhana
concentration. In that case you need to have sufficient practice
in entering into jhana. It is not possible without sufficient prac-
tice. If you enter into jhana at that time, then because of this
wholesome kamma there may be a chance to escape from the
danger, but we cannot say for sure. If you do die while in jhana
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